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Abstracts Online Below, you will find a full abstract from the association's official journal, The Advisor. If you are a member of NAAHP, and an abstract piques your interest, please feel free to request a full copy of the article free of charge from the national office, c/o Jerolyn Attwood If you are not yet a member, please email Jerolyn Attwood to request the latest on NAAHP membership, services and publications, including a year's subscription to The Advisor. Back to Main Abstracts Online page
Would-Be Dentists’ Awareness of Developments in the Profession H. Barry Waldman, D.D.S., Ph.D., M.P.H. Abstract — A study of pre-dental students at one university demonstrated a general lack of knowledge of changes going on in the profession and the delivery of dental services. Despite the development of groups and clinical forms of practice, most pre-dental students in this study were interested in self-employment and individual practice. V3-2-1
Ethics and the Future of Health Professions’ Education Kenneth Vaux, D.Th. Editor’s Note: Praxis of remarks by Dr. Vaux at the March 28, 1985 meeting of the Central Association of Advisors for the Health Professions in Chicago, Illinois. The philosophers should begin with medicine, the physicians should end with philosophy. (Aristotle) Medicine is the most scientific of the humanities and the most humanistic of the sciences. (Edmund Pellegrino) V5-4-2
The Future of the Dental Profession Arthur A. Dugoni, D.D.S., M.S.D. Editor’s Note: Presented as the keynote address for the annual meeting of the National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions in Snowbird, Utah, on June 27, 1985. V6-1-2
Pharmacy as a Career Janet R. Holsopple Note: Presented by Janet R. Holsopple before the National Association of the Advisors for the Health Professions annual meeting in Snowbird, Utah, June 25-30, 1985. V6-1-3
A Crisis in Medical Education: Thoughts on Listening to a Conference on Medical Education for the 21st Century James V. Warren, M.D., Diana N. Plumb, and Gregory L. Trzebiatowski, Ph.D. Abstract — On March 1 and 2, 1984, the faculty of The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, celebrated its sesquicentennial by holding a conference, with nine distinguished speakers, entitled Medical Education for the 21st Century.1 It occurred to us, the major architects of this symposium, that it might be useful to record a consolidated and somewhat impressionistic view of what we learned. This article represents our reflections, as stimulated by both formal talks and informal discussions, during this excellent conference. V6-1-4
SELECT — A National Program to Attract Highly Qualified Individuals to Careers in Dentistry Errol L. Reese, D.D.S., M.S. and D. William Harman, Ph.D. Abstract — Enrollment in American dental schools has been steadily declining since 1978. Many schools developed formal plans for managing enrollment reductions. However, during this same period of time, the applicant pool of highly qualified individuals dropped at a much greater rate than anticipated. By 1985, dental schools were beginning to experience unplanned enrollment decreases due to the declining quality as well as the declining number of individuals in the applicant pool. This disturbing decline in both quality and number of applicants has been caused by a number of factors, including increased competition by other professions for the limited pool of highly qualified students, the high cost of dental education, changing demographics of the young population, concern about the future of dentistry, and the negative attitudes of many dentists toward their own profession. The decline has initiated great concern over the profession’s ability to sustain the present educational system. The loss or diminution of the educational system potentially could shake the public’s confidence in dentistry and seriously weaken the educational, research, and service arms of the profession. Joint actions by numerous committees, councils, boards, and houses of delegates of the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Association of Dental Schools (AADS) have resulted in the development and implementation of a national dental student recruitment program. This paper traces the development of the program. V8-1-3
Veterinary Medicine: The Changing Picture Jane Diehl Crawford, Ph.D. The veterinary medical professions is changing and these changes will affect you if you are planning a career in this field. In the United States: the number of schools of veterinary medicine has increased; the number of students applying to veterinary schools has decreased; the number of veterinarians has increased. These are generalized statements; specific data are available in the following sections. But you should understand that the changes occurring in the veterinary medical setting are very basic. They will have an impact on you, on your decision to become a veterinarian, and on your application to veterinary school. V8-2-3
The Outlook of the Young Physician Michael F. Collins, M.D. Abstract — The new breed, the young Turk, the new kid on the block, and yuppie are all terms which allude to the blooming of a new generation. While we continue to face the reality of a growing elderly population, we concomitantly recognize that young persons must accept increasing responsibility for securing the future. The medical profession has not been immune from these societal changes. For most of this century, the Rockwell portrait of the physician has typified our image of a doctor. Rockwell’s physician is older, at work in his office, and preparing to inoculate an unpanted youth who is admiring the physician’s academic credentials. It is probably fair to say that the traditional image of a physician is fulfilled through this pictorial representation. V8-4-4
What is Osteopathic Medicine? Elizabeth M. Storm, Ph.D. A few weeks ago I attended my first off-campus American Medical Women’s Association (AMWA) meeting, the Southern California Regional meeting on the UCLA campus. It was a stimulating experience with lectures and workshops on everything from health care delivery to minority groups and third world countries to the need for housestaff unions. Of course, the best part was getting to know women from other medical schools. I also found myself being asked again and again: What is the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific (COMP)? In some cases the questions continued: What is osteopathic medicine? Since so many women I met knew so little about our training as DOs, a column seemed in order. V8-4-5
Physical Therapy Education: Advising Students Nancy Byl, Ph.D., P.T., Sandra Radtka, Ph.D., P.T., and Janet Allen, M.A. Introduction — During the past several decades, major changes in the health care industry have occurred to meet the changing health care needs of society. Initially physical therapists served disabled war veterans and polio victims. Physical therapists now assess and treat a broader population base including the elderly, children and adults disabled due to chronic disease or trauma, and persons of all ages who want to maximize their health or performance. This change in physical therapy services, coupled with a growth in the scientific knowledge base and its application to the health care sciences, has resulted in expanded job market opportunities for physical therapists, a shortage of these professionals (1), and major changes in the academic programs for physical therapy (2). Consequently, more individuals are interested in pursuing physical therapy as their career. High school and college students are requesting assistance from advisors regarding the optimal preparation for an education in physical therapy. Practicing health professionals who want to change careers are also seeking advice. The purpose of this paper is to share the information given on the preparation for education in physical therapy by the faculty and staff of the Curriculum in Physical Therapy at the University of California, San Francisco. V9-4-3
Medicine Then and Now Laura Milani and Susan G. Parker Abstract — The vast changes in medicine during the last 40 years have drastically transformed the way physicians, patients, the government and the business community approach health care. To offer some perspective on these changes, we have highlighted six areas that we feel are particularly noteworthy: economics, medical education, careers, international health, public health and medical ethics. Each of these articles focuses on one or two important developments during the last four decades. Obviously, these "snapshots" cannot convey the full picture of the changes that have occurred, but we hope that they offer a feel for the altering landscape of medicine. V10-3-2
What do Health Professions Advisors Think About Podiatry? P. James Nielsen, Ph.D. Introduction — SRI Gallup College Market Research of Lincoln, Nebraska, conducted a market research for the Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine (AACPM) and its seven member institutions during the spring of 1988. Gallup sampled current students and alumni of Podiatric Medicine Colleges, and Health Professions Advisors. The telephone interview took approximately 30 to 45 minutes. They interviewed 100 of the 725 members of the NAAHP. They interviewed 33 from NEAAHP, 16 from the SEAAHP, 39 from the CAAHP and 12 from the WAAHP. Data were gathered from a random sample chosen from the Directory of Health Professions Advisors 1987-88. All health professions advisors in the sample were contacted on a three-callback basis — appointments were made when necessary to complete the interviews. V11-2-1
Osteopathic Medicine and Primary Care Practice: Plan or Serendipity? Arnold Melnick, D.O., M.Sc., F.A.C.O.P. Abstract — General practitioners predominate in osteopathic medicine (57% of all D.O.s), as compared with allopathic medicine. A number of possible reasons are put forth: the student selection process (cloning by admission committee general practitioners); special features of osteopathic education (more required courses, primary care courses, and rotations); training in osteopathic hospitals (mainly community institutions); a required rotating internship; and predominant departments of general practice in osteopathic hospitals and colleges (providing more high-quality general practitioner role models). The author suggests consideration of personality differences, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, as a possible causative factor in differences between the allopathic and osteopathic segments of medicine. V11-4-2
Global Considerations Affecting the Health Agenda of the 1990s Margaret Catley-Carlson Abstract — The author explains why global problems, both known and unknown and unpredictable, are going to affect the health sector in the next few decades even more than they do today. Five examples are given of global health-related dilemmas that must be faced: (1) the worldwide aging of the population and the changing morbidity trends and physician supply needs this creates; (2) rising worldwide poverty, which has a direct relation to health status and has some new causes in this century; (3) ethical dilemmas, such as those resulting from new reproductive and life-prolonging technologies; (4) the need for adequate and affordable health care systems (the Canadian system is described and several misconceptions about it are clarified); and (5) the need to allocate scarce resources to meet practically infinite health care demands. The author concludes by listing some of the important actions that must be taken if we are to deal effectively with the dilemmas fostered by global problems: (1) people must be taught that their health status is the result of many factors in addition to their health care (e.g., socioeconomic status, lifestyle, the environment); (2) medical education must be refocused to prepare physicians to deal with global challenges; (3) there must be greater international cooperation (e.g., working together to share research and implement strategies to control AIDS); (4) countries must invest in worldwide efforts, such as family planning and primary education; and (5) international partnerships must be created to develop worldwide strategies, such as a global drug strategy. In the next few decades, global issues are going to affect health and medicine even more than they do today. In this essay, I explain why and suggest ways that we in the health and health education communities can deal with this increasingly important "fact of life." V14-1-1
The Crisis in Osteopathic Medicine Christopher T. Meyer, D.O., M.P.A., Albert Price, Ph.D. During the last 30 years the osteopathic profession has undergone a remarkable transformation from osteopathic, characterized by manipulative therapy, to osteopathic medicine, characterized by full service health care, and in the process it has won acceptance from the government, the military, and physicians. These changes in status have resulted in new problems for the profession, because D.O. graduates are turning increasingly toward M.D. programs for residency training, and osteopathic medicine’s primary care orientation is being replaced by an emphasis on specialty training. The authors advocate that osteopathic medicine return to its original mission of primary care, abandon specialty training or restrict it to those who have completed primary care residencies, abolish its separate-but-equal posture, and establish lines of communication with allopathic medicine and the American Medical Association to facilitate the development of a rational national policy for primary care that considers the potential osteopathic has to offer in meeting the nation’s primary care needs. Acad. Med. 67(1992): 810-816 V14-3-1
It’s Report Card Time Again Robert G. Petersdorf, M.D. Abstract — The author, the outgoing president of the AAMC at the time of this address, presents report cards on how the academic medicine enterprise is faring today and how it may fare in the year 2000 by assigning grades to four spheres of activity: Manpower gets a D today, for the following reasons: (1) There are still far too many specialists and too few primary care physicians, and the problem may be worsening; (2) the proportion of underrepresented minorities is still too low in medical schools and the physician workforce, but there are encouraging signs that this problem may be lessening, thanks to schools’ efforts to fulfill the mandate of the AAMC’s Project 3000 by 2000; (3) student indebtedness is increasing, a situation that affects some students’ choices of specialties. By the year 2000, the grade for manpower will rise to a C, since most Americans will have access to care, and there will be some — but not dramatic — improvement in the generalist-specialist balance. Effectiveness of medical school faculties gets a C today, mainly because although faculties have grown with no corresponding increase in students, there has been no significant increase in time or effort devoted to teaching. By the year 2000, the faculty grade will rise to a B, since the faculty will be leaner and may teach better, tenure will have become rate (especially in clinical departments), and faculty practice activities will not usurp academic activities to the extent they do today. Research gets a B+ today for solid accomplishments in the face of major constraints. The research priorities of the Clinton health reform plan, which focus on prevention and health services research, will be difficult to assimilate into a research culture that has glorified hard science. By 2000, the grade for research will remain a B+, for although the proportions of different types of research will change, the quality will remain high. Hospitals and clinical practice are graded A- for their work today, because efforts to provide clinical services have been, for the most part, outstanding. Also, teaching hospitals have continued to thrive economically. Health care reform and other pressures will affect teaching hospitals, but the author has confidence in these institutions’ ability to survive and even do well in the new era. By 2000 the grade will slip just a little to a B; clinical practice will become more selective and focused. As for the state of the AAMC, the author finds it in good shape. He closes by urging academic medical centers to collaborate more and compete less, to pool their advocacy efforts, and to keep such efforts in harmony with the country’s welfare. He emphasizes that in the present era of health care reform, academic medical centers must stop divisiveness and present a united front to preserve, protect, and improve their enterprise. (Acad. Med. 69(1994):171-179.) V14-4-2
A Model for Improving Generalist Physician Output: The Osteopathic Experience Mark Cummings, Ph.D., and Mary Ennis, M.S. Abstract — Osteopathic medicine is identified closely with primary care. Approximately one-half of all doctors of osteopathy (DOs) are family practitioners. The educational model responsible for producing such a high percentage of generalist physicians should be better understood for its achievements. Colleges of osteopathic medicine are unique in sharing a common mission of producing primary care physicians, and their methodologies reflect a similarly shared educational emphasis. Compared to allopathic medical schools, colleges of osteopathic medicine are the highest producers of generalist physicians because of several common features. This article evaluates colleges of osteopathic medicine by profiling each institution according to characteristics that have a potential impact on the output of generalist physicians: (1) institutional ownership; (2) age; (3) class size; (4) leadership; (5) educational focus; (6) whole-time as opposed to adjunct clinical faculty; (7) clinical educational settings; (8) clinical training sites; and (9) reliance on MD rather than DO clinical faculty. Comparisons between colleges of osteopathic medicine according to these characteristics yield mixed results but also highlight many differences from allopathic educational models. Factors separating the highest from lowest producers of generalist physicians vary at colleges of osteopathic medicine, and other characteristics or circumstances beyond their control may affect the number of graduates pursuing careers in primary care. Acad. Med. 70, Supplement (January 1995): S57-S63. V15-4-3
Osteopathic Medicine: Emphasis on Health Rather than Disease Michael L. Kuchera, D.O. Osteopathic Medicine: "a profession whose time has come." Over 100 years after its introduction as a distinctively American approach to health care, osteopathic medicine is now the fastest growing segment of the U.S. health care field. Organized around a distinctive philosophy, it is a complete system of health care delivery and disease prevention. Why is the osteopathic profession so popular? This article focuses on five aspects of the current popularity of this profession: (1) an emphasis within osteopathic medicine on health; (2) the perception of osteopathic medicine as an alternative approach to health care; (3) a history of osteopathic physicians practicing primary care; (4) the profession’s value-added perception approach to care using "high-tech and high-touch"; and (5) growing international recognition of the profession and its potential contributions. V21-1-1
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Optimizing Patient-Focused Health Care Brian G. Degenhardt, D.O. As an osteopathic physician who integrates osteopathic manipulative medicine into his practice on a daily basis, I often spend a great deal of time explaining the role of this treatment modality in health care. This article describes the philosophy of osteopathic medicine, as well as how several of its basic tenets make this practice of medicine a distinctive form of health care in the United States. V21-1-2
Mastering the New Public Health Noreen M. Clark, Ph.D., and Elizabeth Weist, M.A., M.P.H. Abstract — The dramatic changes in the field of public health are reverberating in schools of public health in a number of ways, not the least of which is action by the deans of the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) to ensure that graduates with master’s of public health degrees are competent to meet the current challenges of practice. The conceptual framework at the center of this activity describes three domains — skills, perspectives, and settings — in which alumni of schools of public health may be required to demonstrate competency. ASPH work in this area is grounded in previous national and professional competency definitions and school- and department-specific competency development; it is distinct from earlier work, however, because its focus is on competency at the master’s level across the graduate schools of public health. The field of public health is undergoing a transition that is making itself felt deep into the heart of public health academe. The changing nature of people entering the field of public health is, moreover, causing graduate schools of public health to reconsider the way students are prepared for public health practice. V21-1-7
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine-Optimizing Patient-focused Health Care Brian F. Degenhardt, D.O. Introduction —
As an osteopathic physician who integrates
osteopathic manipulative medicine into his practice on a daily basis, I often
spend a great deal of time explaining the role of this treatment modality in
health care. V21-1-2
Survey on Perceptions of Osteopathic Medicine Lori Haxton, M.A. Introduction — In 1999, the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine conducted three surveys through an independent agency, Central Surveys, Inc. The surveys were conducted to obtain feedback from three populations: (1) newly enrolled medical students, (2) premedical advisors, and (3) premedical students. The college president supported and financed the project. The purpose of the project was to obtain information on marketing, image and name equity. A number of survey questions were developed specifically to obtain information on osteopathic medical advising from the entering medical student, premedical student and premedical advisor perspective. Survey content was developed by a committee made up of the college president, assistant vice president of public relations and communications, vice president and dean of students, and the director of admissions with support from Central Surveys, Inc. This article will focus on survey results as they relate to advising only. V21-1-3
Mastering the New Public Health Noreen M. Clark, Ph.D, and Elizabeth Weist, M.A., M.P.H. Abstract —
The dramatic changes in the field of public health
are reverberating in schools of public health in a number of ways, not the least
of which is action by the deans of the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) to ensure that graduates with masters of public health degrees are
competent to meet the current challenges of practice. V21-1-7 Back to Main Abstracts Online page
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